نشریه پژوهش های نوین ادبی
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

 In this research, the views of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the innocent imams (peace be upon them) about generosity and its reflection in Saeb Tabrizi's poetry were examined. Using the qualitative (descriptive-analytical) method, information and data were collected, analyzed and prepared. This research shows that generosity is one of the basic principles of values in Islamic and human society. In the Holy Qur'an, the Merciful God has encouraged and ordered people to do this and has given a great and good reward to the generous. Also, countless hadiths about generosity have been narrated from Imams Athar (peace be upon them) in authentic books. Saeb Tabrizi, influenced by the Qur'an and hadiths, paid infinite attention to generosity and sympathy for the poor, and he can be included among compassionate, benevolent and encouraging poets, because he believes that this is necessary in human society. It is for people to feel responsible for the problems of others and to be generous and kind to the needy.

The present research is a rereading of the poem Continuity evolution" from Tahira Saffarzadeh's collection "The Second Office" based on Lacan's psychoanalytical approach. The question in this research is whether the poet (as the subject) in this poem has been able to relate to the desire of desire (the object) The big other (in the symbolic field) replaces the mother (the object of the small other) in the imaginary field and achieves the peace and comfort that he enjoyed in the imaginary field in the mother's safe embrace? Kurdish, has saved the subject from wandering in the symbolic field? The current research method is library based and based on rereading and collecting the data obtained from it. The findings of the research showed that the subject in relation to another big object which he refers to as "Tawaul" He has not achieved the first peace and happiness he enjoyed in his mother's arms. Therefore, at the end of the poem, he continues toHe has mentioned his confusion and confusion (in the symbolic field) after connecting. 

Due to the different nature of poetry and poetry of the contemporary century and the knowledge and ability of the people of the time, words are of the nature of passing time, etc., especially for poets, considering the fear and despair that cast a shadow on the society due to suffocation, etc. It was difficult, but how to say is far from indifference and not saying. With the scholarly or biased criticisms that have been made about Sohrab Sepehari and Shamlou, and assuming that one has a fiery mouth and the other fades in the greenness and freshness of nature, in this research, we will argue that the problem Let's examine humanism and being a child of our time according to the sub-components of the poet of the time, and since the two sides of this research were extremes and the other extremes, I was looking for an intermediate bridge to make this heterogeneity a little more homogeneous, and I preferred the third side of this research. Akhwan's research is the third.

The book of literary sciences and techniques is a dedicated resource for teaching Persian literature in the second secondary school for the fields of literature and humanities and Islamic sciences and education. As the beginning part of this book, the history of literature section is one of the most important lessons that students sometimes do not want to learn due to the high volume and similarity between some materials and the memorization of the lesson, and generally refuse to read it. The authors of this book, despite simplifying and reducing its volume compared to the book on the history of literature of the old system, have not observed some important issues, and this has caused the book to be criticized in terms of structure, content, science and meaning.Reviewing and rewriting the book based on the two approaches of genre or literary type and flowology is a method that can provide useful information for students and teachers in addition to the ease of learning literary history. The method that has dominated the history of Persian literature in textbooks is mostly about biographies and naming the works of poets and writers, and sometimes it has brought up things that are not very important and useful. In this research, in addition to criticizing the history of literature section of each of the three books of literary sciences and techniques, we separately discuss the proposed design of the history of Persian literature based on two approaches of genre (before Islam to the 12th century)

Psychology is the science of studying and analyzing human behavior and mental and psychological activities. This science examines feelings, thoughts, behaviors, reactions and personal experiences of people. The main goal of psychology is to understand and explain mental and psychological activities, to investigate the reasons and motivations behind these activities, and to improve the quality of human life. Scientists and researchers of psychological science present a set of hypotheses, theories and models to explain and interpret human behaviors, experiences and psychological phenomena. By means of these psychological theories, they examine and explain human behaviors and the factors that affect them. . These theories help to shape the main views and thoughts of psychology and play an important role in the progress and development of this field of knowledge. Nevertheless, Maulvi, as a spiritual-mystical psychologist, presented some theories and concepts of psychology that are discussed today and presented them in his works (especially in Masnavi) centuries ago. Maulavi's Masnavi, in addition to its high mystical value, also has scientific and psychological importance, so that it can be examined from the psychological point of view. In many places in the Masnavi, Molavi raises some psychological issues in his verses so that he can influence his audience and guide him towards his true goal (which is the ultimate peace and happiness of man). . The authors of this research, while examining the seven psychological concepts used in Masnavi Manavi, have extracted and presented examples of each of these theories from this prestigious work.

The present research tries to use the descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the metaphorical meanings of elements of mise-en-scene such as composition and arrangement, illustration and gesture, movement, action and elements such as stage lighting or the role of decor in the design of the scene mise-en-scene in the movie "Passengers" by Bahram Bayzaei. to pay The results of the research show that visual experience creates "imaginary" schemas in the human conceptual system; In other words, image schemas originate from human's sensory-perceptual experiences and his interactions with the outside world, or in other words, his embodied experiences, which are used in the movie Passengers to conceptualize "life and death". In the present work, the metaphorical conceptualizations of the film Passengers and the related concepts directly and indirectly go back to the main theme of the work, i.e. blackness and darkness, meaning mourning, and light and brightness meaning life. In fact, in this film, sadness as darkness, emotional relationship as food, death and the road as distance are represented in a one-dimensional way. In all these one-way metaphors, only visual signs are used for representation. Some other metaphors are also represented as human being as a plant, heart as an object, grief as a place or container, road as a human being, objects as living beings and some abstract concepts as physical beings. A combination of auditory signs such as music, writing and visuals have been used to formulate these metaphors.

Fazel Nazari is one of the young contemporary poets who has received relatively good reception from the audience due to his poetic taste, literary studies, and linguistic and thematic creativity of his poems. Although his poetry is bound by structural rules and traditional discipline, it has gone beyond the language sense and more content and continuity. In his poetry, his tradition is not seen in weight and rhyme, but he is very capable in creating new themes and pristine images in the old structure. So far, five poetry collections of this poet, "Emperor's Cry", "Minority", "Them", "Against", "Book and Now", have been published with the efforts of Surah Mehr Publications, and each of these collections has been well received. Thirty times have been reprinted. Now, the five works of Fazel Nazari, whose foundation is based on hope and despair in these works, will be briefly introduced, and after their introduction, hope and despair in the poems of this collection will be examined. The method of this research is based on content analysis and logical and rational description using documentary texts, in the field of literary criticism and library. In this way, first all the poems of this poet have been carefully read and then the contents of hope and despair in the poems of Fazel Nazari have been extracted and extracted. The results indicate that Fazel Nazari generally ends his sonnets with hope and despair and his poems are filled with awareness and self-awareness of human life.

The beginning of the introduction of the Dari Persian language to India is during Sultan Mahmud's campaign to the Indian subcontinent. Since the Ghaznavid Turks were Persian-speaking and their counterparts in the Ghorian era, the Tajiks, were also Persian-speaking, the Persian language opened its way in India and in the depth of its culture, and became the only language of communication, language of understanding, language of education and university language of India.This descriptive and analytical research sought to explain why the Dari Persian language spread in India and concluded that this language found a special place in the scope of Indian literature after the arrival of Mahmoud Ghaznavi to India and this land became a great center for the publication of Dari Persian language works. The study of Indian literature and philosophy attracted Abu Rihan Al-Biruni, who had entered India with Sultan Mahmud, and authored the research books of Mallahnd, Athar al-Baqiyyah and Al-Tafhim Lawael Sanaaat Tanjim. Sultan Mahmud from the year 416-392 AH. He traveled to India seventeen times, and every time many scientists, poets and writers such as Eleni Balkhi, Farrokhi Sistani, etc. were with him. Because the sultan liked the Dari Persian language, the poets and writers of this language in India gathered at his court. From that date onwards, the Dari Persian language spread in India and the literary and cultural centers were transferred from Khorasan to India.

One of the important topics in novel criticism is the analysis of the character type of the hero and the people in the story. Sometimes the character of the hero and the characters of the story undergo a transformation. If this transformation has an evolutionary course, it is called character metamorphosis, in which the hero or characters become superior type. In this descriptive-analytical research, the metamorphosis of the hero type and the main characters of the novel Hasti by Farhad Hassanzadeh has been analyzed from the perspective of the Enneagram. The findings of this research show that Hasti suspends the stereotyped norms of her gender and overcomes the problems in an all-round challenge with the help of her mother, aunt and uncle. After completing the metamorphosis stage, she becomes the hero and savior of her family and community. By analyzing the personality elements of Hasti and matching it with the Enneagram theory, "hasti" is a girl with type 4 characteristics who goes to wing 3 after the events of the story. Hasti's mother, aunt and uncle have the personality type 2 and they maintain their personality type from the beginning to the end of the story . Hasti's father is an unhealthy type 1 person who is calmly transforming into a happy type 7

Shahnameh. , without any extravagance or presumption, without any pretensions, it is the letter of Verjavand and unlike the culture of Iran; It is a raging sea and a vanishing border, in which the waves of the millennia, the story and the novel, great and mighty, glorious as a mountain, are rolling in each other; The risers that rise from the depths, from the darkness of history; They raise their heads; They span the time zones; To connect our pasts to our present and our present to our futures. Shah nameh ; It is a bridge, fast and strong, meeting the chasms of time and an unbreakable thread that connects the past with the past. It is because of this that we can consider this famous letter as Shiraz and the foundation of Iran's history and culture; The history and culture of Goshen Bikh and Precious, are the basis and the growth of the material that is the bed and excuse for the cuteness of every Iranian. The truth is, if it were not for the Shahnameh, we would not be what we are and like other clans and clans, in the shadows of history. And we were lost in the rounds of Gitti, with a broken address and a broken name, and we were lost in the memories and on the winds. This article was prepared by the invitation of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan on the occasion of the international symposium of Hakim

Man is God's chosen creation, but like other creatures, he has many needs that he must be in contact with the Creator and other elements of creation to meet them. In order to continue his life, every human being has to improve his relationship with God, creation, creation and himself. These four are not unrelated. The relationship with God can be seen in the forms of servant and master, lover and beloved. Man's relationship with himself is the knowledge of the soul and the knowledge of the existential areas and the possibilities and goals of life. Similarly, the relationship with nature can be examined in peaceful coexistence with animals and respecting the rights of animate and inanimate nature. The most important of these relationships is the relationship between the creator and the creature, and the other three relationships are made with the aim of achieving this. The importance of humanity has an effect in literary and artistic works. Analyzing these cases from the perspective of Qaisar as a poet who lives in the contemporary world, can bring useful results for today's man; So, by examining the four connections in the poet's poems, we can take a step, however small, to get to know and better understand Qaisar and his poems. Also, knowing the human being and, to a higher degree, knowing the creator of the universe and getting closer to him, is of interest to the writer. Given that Qaisar Aminpour's poems are not devoid of mystical color.

Surprise or the sudden twist in the story is one of the important elements in plot. O. Henry, one of the greatest short story writers in the world, is famous for using gentleness, playing with words, characterization and surprising and intelligent ending at the end of his stories. On the other hand, Jamalzadeh is one of the leading writers in contemporary fiction literature, who has finished some of his stories with this element. In this research, the surprise and commonalities and differences of this element in the short stories of O.Henry and Jamalzadeh have been investigated with descriptive-analytical method. A case study in this essay is three short stories by O. Henry(The Cop And The Anthem,Pendulum,The Last Leaf) and three short stories by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh (Roast Goose,Shoehorn,Aunt Bear 's Friendship). The findings of the research show that the element of surprise is evident in the works of both authors, with the difference that the surprise in O. Henry's stories is stronger than Jamalzadeh's works in terms of cause and effect relationships, and this causes the creation of Plot. have become more powerful in his stories.